Why is she making it so difficult? That motorway is so dangerous. Everyone drives too fast. Thanks so much for thinking of us. It was so dark that we could hardly see. We use s uch :. She emailed us such lovely pictures of her and Enzo. We use such not so to modify noun phrases:. We use so before much , many , little and few :.
There were so many people on the beach it was difficult to get into the sea. There are so few people who know what it is like in our country for other people from different cultures. We use so much , not so , before comparatives:. In formal contexts we can use so instead of an adjective phrase after a verb:. The bus service was very unreliable when I was young and it remains so even today.
It remains very unreliable …. She is very anxious. When we are comparing, we use more so and less so as substitutes:. The kitchen is very old-fashioned, the living room more so. The living room is more old-fashioned than the kitchen. My old office was very dark; my new office less so. My new office is less dark than my old office.
With some verbs, we often use so instead of repeating an object clause, especially in short answers:. I think so. I think Megan will be at the meeting today.
The next train is going to be half an hour late. They told me so when I bought my ticket. They told me that the next train is going to be half an hour late. So and not with expect , hope , think , etc. Especially in speaking, we sometimes use so in front position in short responses with reporting verbs such as believe , say, tell, hear, read :. So everybody says, anyway. So I heard. I heard that Janet got the job. The Council has given planning permission for another shopping centre in the city.
So I read in the paper. I read that the Council has given planning permission for another shopping centre. We use it in order to avoid repeating a verb, especially in short responses with pronoun subjects. Geoff is a very good long-distance runner and so [V] is [S] his wife. So [V] am [S] I. They all joined the new gym and after three weeks so [V] did [S] he. We also use not … either , nor or neither when we want to give a negative meaning:. Neither, neither … nor and not … either. When we make exclamative responses, we can use so as a substitute before the subject and verb be , or subject and modal or auxiliary verb:.
Oh , so we are! So you can! We use so as a subordinating conjunction to introduce clauses of result or decision:. I got here late. You are right, of course, so I think we will accept what the bank offers. They both went on a diet so that they could play more football with their friends. We do not use very in this structure:. They drove so fast that they escaped the police car that was chasing them. So that or in order that?
So is a very common discourse marker in speaking. It usually occurs at the beginning of clauses and we use it when we are summarising what has just been said, or when we are changing topic:. So what sort of pudding is it? Discourse markers so, right, okay.
So far we have kept the news within the family. We use the expression is that so? We sometimes use so in informal speaking to indicate the size or extent of something. We use it in a similar way to this and we usually use hand gestures to show the size or extent:. Hold the racket in your left hand — so. In speaking, we also use so to intensify words, phrases and clauses.
We stress so quite strongly. This usage is very common among some younger speakers. It has a meaning similar to just or just like :. He always behaves like that. A kind-hearted person is one who likes other people a lot and always wants to help them. Birsel Uckun. I got 9 correct out of 10 Thank you Emma.
Emma, you are the best. Rdwan nour. Thank you Emma. I like this very much, thank you Emma. Emma do yo know some page where I can practice mi speaking. Hector Leonardo. Thank you very much…. Moo fawzy. Thanks Emma,.
Hany Aly. Great lesson, thanks. Thanks Emma for this useful lesson. Thank you Emma you are great. Caballero Negro. Thank you, Emma. Great lesson. I like so much. Chahid I have to see this lesson one more time.
This was a very educative lesson. Ndakola Teofilus N. My first lesson, next time will be better…. Thanks it was refreshing my brain! Maria Galindo. Jullio Pacheco. Thank you dear Emma, You are great. Sabawoon Mohmand. This can help me lots.
Juan Gaspar. Thank you. Thank you teacher Emma Regards Momina Ijaz These sentiments belong to my daughter who is a student of 3 class. Muhammad Ijaz So Do I.
Great lessons. Thanks Emma. Thank you so much Emma, you are a great teacher. Probably better to put multiple tests of In this way anyone could decide when to stop. Menghour I will improve my English grammar. Thank you EngVid!!! Good Emma, I have learned a lot, thanks. All or every? All or whole? Allow , permit or let? Almost or nearly? Alone , lonely , or lonesome? Along or alongside? Already , still or yet? Also , as well or too?
Alternate ly , alternative ly Although or though? Altogether or all together? Amount of , number of or quantity of? Any more or anymore? Anyone , anybody or anything? Apart from or except for? Arise or rise? Around or round? Arouse or rouse? As or like? As , because or since? As , when or while? Been or gone? Begin or start? Beside or besides? Between or among? Born or borne? Bring , take and fetch Can , could or may?
Classic or classical? Come or go? Consider or regard? Consist , comprise or compose? Content or contents? Different from , different to or different than? Do or make? Down , downwards or downward? During or for? Each or every? East or eastern ; north or northern? Economic or economical? Efficient or effective?
Elder , eldest or older , oldest? End or finish? Especially or specially? Except or except for? Expect , hope or wait? Experience or experiment? Fall or fall down?
Far or a long way? Farther , farthest or further , furthest? John isn't at the office. Neither am I. Luke isn't going out tonight. Past Simple: use 'did' Jill went to the cinema yesterday.
So did I. Jill didn't go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I. So was I. She wasn't at the library. Neither was I. So have I. They haven't been to Colombia. Neither have I. Future simple: use 'will' Edward will be at the cafe later. So will I. Edward won't be at the cafe later. Neither will I.
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