Full rigged ships fought yard-arm to yard-arm in the War of ,, although that rig disappeared soon afterwards. The schooner has always been the favorite. The first lake sailing vessel the Frontenac, , antedating the better known Griffon of mysterious fate, was of schooner rig, and of schooner rig is the last surviving sailer of the lakes in , the American bottom Lyman M. Davis of Kingston, hailing from the same port which sent out La Salle's first schooner.
While differences of rig mean nothing to the landsman they are easily understood. A ship has three masts, all square-rigged, with yards across. A brig has two masts, both square rigged. A barque has two square -rigged mast and a mizzenmast fore-and-aft rigged, that is, with the sails hinged on behind the mast, instead of crossing it. A brigantine has one square rigged mast and one rigged fore-and aft.
A schooner is fore-and-aft rigged on all masts although she may have some square sails too. A sloop has only one mast, fore-and-aft rigged. There were many trading sloops on the lakes in the days of sail particularly in sheltered waters, like the Bay of Quinte. A barquentine has three or more masts and is completely square-rigged on the foremast. The others are fore-and-aft.
The David Dows, built by Bailey Bros. She was the largest sailing vessel built for the Great Lakes and registered 1, tons net. The typical lake "barque" had fore-and-aft sails on all three masts, but on the foremast she would have in addition a yard from which hung a square-sail, and above that another yard, with a square topsail, and above that again triangular raffees, either singly or in pairs.
The raffee was a characteristic sail of the Great Lakes, and was used on two masted and three masted schooners, which often had no other "square" canvas. It was a three cornered sail the peak or head of it hoisting on the topmast, the clews or outer corners extended by a yard crossing the mast.
Sometimes, the lower part of it dropped to a point or points below the yard. It was then called a "diamond raffee". A "single raffee" was a right angled triangle on half of the yard. The "double raffee" was all in one piece but occupied both halves of the yard, or yardarms. Two single raffees, set above a square topsail on either yard-arm, where knows as "batwings".
Since this site has been the prototype for the digital collection management tools built for the Our Digital World formerly the OurOntario project of Knowledge Ontario.
As a prototype it is subject to occasional, unexplained interruptions in service Examples of brigantines sailing today are Corwith Cramer and Irving Johnson. Schooner: A vessel with two or more masts, with the foremast shorter than the mainmast. A schooner usually has fore-and-aft rigged sails, but may also have square-rigged sails. The typical schooner has only two masts, but can have up to seven.
Class A: Square-rigged vessels, including barques, barquentines, brigs, brigantines, and all other vessels more than feet in length overall. Class B: Traditionally-rigged vessels defined as those vessels whose sail plan has a predominance of gaff sails with an overall length of less than feet and a minimum waterline length of 30 feet.
Some of these include gaff-rigged sloops, schooners, and yawls. Pride of Baltimore II is in class B. Some Bermuda schooners have instead of a mainstaysail a triangular boomed sail clewed to the foremast; but although it can be self-tacking, it will be smaller in area than a mainstaysail and its use complicates the flying a fisherman.
Aesthetically, it can appear less attractive than a classic staysail schooner. Multi-masted staysail schooners usually carried a mule above each staysail except the fore staysail. Gaff-rigged schooners generally carry a triangular fore-and-aft topsail above the gaff sail on the main topmast and sometimes also on the fore topmast see illustration , called a gaff-topsail schooner. A gaff-rigged schooner that is not set up to carry one or more gaff topsails is sometimes termed a "bare-headed" or "bald-headed" schooner.
A gaff schooner may carry a square topsail atop the foremast. A schooner with no bowsprit is known as a "knockabout" schooner. A "cat-rigged" schooner not only has no bowsprit but has no headsails, and has the foremast set as far forward as possible. Sailing vessels with a single mast will typically be sloops or cutters, either with a Bermuda or gaff mainsail. There is little justification for the cost and complexity of a second mast unless the vessel is reasonably large, say above 50 feet 15 m LOA.
If a vessel's size requires a second mast, the sail plan will usually be a schooner, ketch or yawl, all of which are fore-and-aft rigged, although the "topsail schooner" variant carries one or more square topsails on its foremast. The two-topsail schooner variant carries square topsails on both the mainmast and the foremast. The schooner may be distinguished from both the yawl and the ketch by the disposition of its masts, and thus the placement of the mainsail.
On the yawl and ketch, the mainsail is flown from the forward mast, or mainmast, and the aft mast is the mizzen-mast. A two-masted schooner has the mainsail on the aft mast, and its other mast is the foremast. Compared to a single-masted vessel, all the two-masted vessels can have a lower centre of pressure in the sail plan. Although the ketch and to a much lesser extent, the yawl is more popular than the schooner in Europe, the schooner is arguably more efficient.
The schooner can carry a larger sail area, because of its much larger mainsail and the effective sail s between the masts. Also, in a schooner, all the sails work together in a complementary fashion, optimising airflow and drive.
By contrast, on a ketch or yawl, the mizzen sail is of marginal use, being very small and frequently blanketed by the mainsail. Schooner Governor Ames preparing for launch, Waldoboro, Maine.
There was no set number of masts for a schooner. A small schooner has two or three masts, but they were built with as many as six e. The only seven-masted steel hulled schooner, the Thomas W.
Lawson , was built in , with a length of ft m , the top of the tallest mast being feet 47 m above deck, and carrying 25 sails with 43, sq ft 4, m 2 of total sail area.
It was manned by a crew of only sixteen. A two or three masted schooner is quite maneuverable and can be sailed by a smaller crew than some other sailing vessels. The larger multi-masted schooners were somewhat unmanageable and the rig was largely a cost-cutting measure introduced towards the end of the days of sail.
The only seven-masted schooner ever built, Thomas W. Essex, Massachusetts was the most significant shipbuilding center for schooners. In total, Essex launched over 4, schooners, most headed for the Gloucester, Massachusetts fishing industry. Schooners were used to carry cargo in many different environments, from ocean voyages to coastal runs and on large inland bodies of water.
0コメント