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You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Your in-depth digestive health guide will be in your inbox shortly. You will also receive emails from Mayo Clinic on the latest health news, research, and care. Lactose intolerance occurs when your small intestine doesn't produce enough of an enzyme lactase to digest milk sugar lactose.
Normally, lactase turns milk sugar into two simple sugars — glucose and galactose — which are absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal lining. If you're lactase deficient, lactose in your food moves into the colon instead of being processed and absorbed. In the colon, normal bacteria interact with undigested lactose, causing the signs and symptoms of lactose intolerance.
There are three types of lactose intolerance. Different factors cause the lactase deficiency underlying each type. People who develop primary lactose intolerance — the most common type — start life producing enough lactase. Infants, who get all their nutrition from milk, need lactase.
As children replace milk with other foods, the amount of lactase they produce normally drops, but usually remains high enough to digest the amount of dairy in a typical adult diet. However, it contains almost no lactose so it is often allowed on dairy-free diets. This is a detailed review of kefir and its health benefits. Kefir is a fermented milk drink that is highly nutritious and contains live probiotics.
Calcium has many benefits, but most people aren't getting enough of this mineral. Here is a list of 15 foods that are rich in calcium, many of which…. A lactose tolerance test measures how well your body can process lactose, a type of sugar found in dairy products, using the enzyme lactase.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Lactose intolerance is very common. What Is Lactose Intolerance? It can cause various symptoms, including bloating, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Lactose is a disaccharide, meaning that it consists of two sugars.
It is made up of one molecule each of the simple sugars glucose and galactose. The risk varies greatly between countries, as shown on this map: Share on Pinterest. Causes of Lactose Intolerance. There are two main types of lactose intolerance, which have different causes. Primary Lactose Intolerance Primary lactose intolerance is the most common. Secondary Lactose Intolerance Secondary lactose intolerance is rare. Bottom Line: Primary lactose intolerance is common and involves reduced lactase production with age.
What Are the Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance? If not managed properly, lactose intolerance can cause severe digestive problems. The most common symptoms are 3 , 7 , 8 : Bloating Abdominal cramps Gas Diarrhea Some people also experience urgency to go to the toilet, nausea, vomiting, pain in the lower belly and occasionally constipation.
Bottom Line: Lactose intolerance can cause digestive problems. Which Foods Contain Lactose? Lactose is found in dairy foods and products that contain dairy. Bottom Line: Dairy products contain lactose. Bottom Line: Most people with lactose intolerance can tolerate small amounts of lactose. Good Non-Dairy Sources of Calcium. The recommended intake for calcium is 1, mg per day. Some good non-dairy sources of calcium include: Calcium-fortified foods: There are many calcium-fortified foods, including juices, breads and non-dairy milks such as almond , soy or oat milk.
This article explains why. There is no treatment that can help your body make more lactase. But you can manage your symptoms by changing your diet.
In the past, people who were lactose intolerant were told to avoid dairy products. Today, health experts suggest you try different dairy foods and see which ones cause fewer symptoms.
That way you can still get enough calcium and other important nutrients. He or she can suggest other foods to be sure you get enough calcium. You may need to take calcium supplements. Children with lactose intolerance should be seen by a healthcare provider. Children and teenagers need dairy foods. Lactose intolerance can affect you every time you eat a snack or meal. So you need to be careful about the foods you eat every day. However, many people can tolerate a certain amount of lactose and don't need to completely avoid it.
Lactose is often added to some boxed, canned, frozen, and prepared foods such as:. Call your healthcare provider if you have trouble managing your symptoms. Some symptoms can be embarrassing. Your healthcare provider can work with you to help keep them under control. Health Home Conditions and Diseases. What is lactose intolerance? Lactose intolerance is not the same thing as having a food allergy to milk. What causes lactose intolerance? Lactose intolerance in babies There are two types of lactose intolerance in babies: primary and secondary lactose intolerance.
Diagnosis of lactose intolerance Various methods may be used to diagnose lactose intolerance, including: hydrogen breath test — this tests the amount of hydrogen that is breathed out. When lactose is fermented by bacteria in the bowel, instead of being converted by lactase, more hydrogen is produced elimination diet — this involves removing foods that contain lactose to see if the symptoms improve.
If the symptoms reappear once the foods are reintroduced, then lactose intolerance is most likely the cause. Management of lactose intolerance Most people with lactose intolerance can handle small amounts of lactose, such as a glass of milk, which contains 8—10 grams of lactose.
They are an important source of nutrients, especially calcium. Hard and matured cheeses such as cheddar, Edam, Swiss, mozzarella, brie and fetta contain no lactose and are tolerated by people with lactose intolerance. Similarly, butter and cream contain very low levels of lactose and are well tolerated.
Yoghurt is usually well tolerated because the lactose content decreases each day as the bacteria use lactose for energy. Fresh cheeses such as cottage cheese and ricotta have very low levels of lactose and are usually well tolerated in small amounts. Drink milk in moderate quantities. Most people with this condition can tolerate ml of milk per day, but you need to work out your own tolerance level. You can buy milk that has had the lactose broken down, which makes it lactose free.
Drink full-fat milk because the fats slow the journey of the milk through the intestines and allow the lactase enzymes more time to break down the sugars. Avoid low-fat or non-fat milks — they travel quickly through the gut and tend to cause symptoms in lactose intolerant people. Also, many low-fat milk products may contain skim milk powder, which provides a higher dose of lactose.
Eat foods that contain lactose in combination with other foods or spread them out over the day, rather than eating a large amount at once.
Soy foods such as soy milk and yoghurt are lactose free, a good source of calcium and a good substitute for milk or milk products. Hidden lactose Foods that may contain hidden lactose include: biscuits and cakes if milk or milk solids are added processed breakfast cereals cheese sauce cream soups custard milk chocolate pancakes and pikelets scrambled eggs quiche muesli bars some breads and margarine containing milk.
Checking food labels for lactose If you are trying to avoid lactose, ingredients to look for in lists on food labels include: milk solids non-fat milk solids whey milk sugar. Lactose intolerance and the breastfed baby , , Australian Breastfeeding Association. Give feedback about this page.
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